Backfill
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The process of filling a cavity with soil, gravel rock or other material of choice.2
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Borrow
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Earth material acquired from an off-site location for use in grading on a site.1
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Clearing, brushing and grubbing
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Removal of vegetation (grass, brush, trees and similar plant types) by mechanical means.1
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Compaction
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Densification of a fill by mechanical means.1
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Earth Material
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Any rock, natural or fill and/or any combination thereof.1
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Erosion
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The wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind, water and/or ice.1
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Erosion Control System
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A combination of desilting facilities and erosion protection, including effective planting, to protect adjacent private property, watercourses, public facilities and receiving waters from any abnormal deposit of sediment or dust.1
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Excavation
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Mechanical removal of earth material.1
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Existing Grade
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The ground surface prior to grading1
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Fill
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A deposit of earth material placed by artificial means.1
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Finished Grade
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The final grade of the site which conforms to the approved plan.1
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Geotextile Fabric
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A man-made fabric used in the control of soil erosion. The fabric is available in roles of various widths and lengths, (color standards are usually white, black or gray) and usually varies from one manufacturer to the other. Various specifications are available for varying soil types and applications. The product is sometimes referred to as "filter fabric".2
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Grade
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The vertical location of the ground surface.1
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Grading
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Any excavating or filling or combination thereof.1
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Grading Contractor
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A contractor licensed and regulated by the State of California who specialized in grading work or is otherwise licensed to do grading work.1
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Grading permit
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An official document or certificate issued by the Building Official authorizing grading activity as specified by approved plans and specification.1
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Gravel
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Soil particles ranging from 1/5 inch to 3 inches in diameter.2
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Impermeable Material
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A soil that has properties which prevent movement of water through the material.2
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Infiltration
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That portion of rainfall or surface runoff that moves downward into the subsurface rock and soil.2
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Marsh
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An area of soft, wet, or periodically submerged land, generally treeless and usually characterized by grasses and other low vegetation.2
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Microscopic Soil Particles
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Clay and silt; particles that cannot be observed by the unaided human eye.2
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Natural Grade
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The ground surface unaltered by artificial means.1
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Noncohesive soil
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Soil particles that have no natural resistance to being pulled apart at their point of contact, for example, silt, sand, and gravel.2
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Pile
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A long, heavy timber, pipe, or section of concrete or metal to be driven or jetted into the earth or seabed to serve as a support for a bulkhead.2
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Riprap
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A layer, facing, or protective mound of stones, randomly placed to prevent erosion or scour at a structure or embankment, also the stone so used.2
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Rough Grade
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The stage at which the grade approximately conforms to the approved plan.1
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Sand
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Soil particles ranging from 3/1000 inch to 1/5 inch in diameter; 3/1000 inch is the normal lower limit at which the unaided human eye can distinguish an individual particle.2
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Sediment
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Soil particles that have been transported away from their natural location by wind or water action.2
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Silt
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Noncohesive soil whose individual particles are not visible to the unaided human eye.2
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Site
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Any lot or parcel of land or contiguous combination thereof, under the same ownership, where grading is performed or permitted.1
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Slope
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An inclined ground surface, the inclination of which is expressed as a ratio of horizontal distance to vertical distance.1
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Soil
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Naturally occurring surficial deposits overlying bedrock.1
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Soil Engineer
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A civil engineer duly registered in the State of California whose field of expertise is soil mechanics.1
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Soil Engineering
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The application of the principles of soil mechanics in the investigation, evaluation and design of civil works involving the use of earth materials and the inspection and testing of the construction thereof.1
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Temporary Erosion Control Devices
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Devices which are removable and can rarely be salvaged for subsequent reuse. In most cases they will last no longer than one rainy season. They include sandbags, gravel bags, plastic sheeting (visqueen), silt fencing, straw bales and similar items.1
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Tie-back
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A variety of techniques used to secure the bulkhead, seawall, or revetment in place against the bank.2
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